What is a means to create computer programs by manipulating elements graphically called?

The correct answer is a visual programming language. This type of programming environment allows users to create computer programs by manipulating graphical representations of programming elements rather than writing code in a text-based format. Users can typically drag and drop blocks or symbols that represent functions, variables, and control structures to create a program visually. This approach can make programming more accessible, especially for beginners or those without extensive coding experience, as it reduces the complexity involved in syntax and debugging associated with traditional textual programming.

Other options involve different methodologies or tools for programming. Text-based programming refers to writing code using a conventional programming language that requires knowledge of specific syntax and commands. A code editor is simply software that allows developers to write and edit code but does not inherently facilitate visual manipulation of program elements. An integrated development environment (IDE) is a comprehensive tool that combines features for writing, testing, and debugging code, but it does not specifically refer to a graphical programming approach.