What do we call a sequence of instructions that repeats until a specific condition is met?

A sequence of instructions that repeats until a specific condition is met is known as a loop. Loops are fundamental constructs in programming that allow for the execution of a block of code multiple times without requiring the programmer to manually write out the code for each repetition.

In a loop, a condition is evaluated before or after each iteration, giving the program the ability to execute the commands within the loop continuously until the specified condition evaluates to false. This is an efficient way to handle repetitive tasks, such as iterating over items in a list, performing calculations a certain number of times, or processing input until a user decides to stop.

The other choices refer to different concepts in programming. A function is a reusable code block that performs a specific task and can return a value. A filter is typically used to process data based on certain criteria, often in the context of databases or data structures. An array is a data structure that holds a collection of items, which can be of the same type, but does not inherently involve repetition of instructions like a loop does.