What do we call a representation of a logical statement in programming that determines the truth of a statement?

The term that refers to a representation of a logical statement in programming that determines the truth of a statement is "Boolean conditionals."

Boolean conditionals are expressions that evaluate to either true or false, forming the basis for decision-making processes in programming. They are often used in control structures like if statements and loops, allowing developers to execute certain blocks of code based on specified conditions. For example, a common form of a Boolean conditional is a comparison operation, such as checking if one value is greater than another, which directly results in a true or false evaluation.

While logical operators play a role in building these Boolean expressions (such as AND, OR, and NOT), they do not themselves represent a logical statement. Control statements utilize Boolean conditionals to dictate flow in programs but are not defined by the evaluation of truth itself. Data types classify the kind of data being used in a program rather than evaluating logical conditions.