What concept involves working out the logic of a program without focusing on specific programming language details?

The concept that involves working out the logic of a program without focusing on specific programming language details is known as pseudocode. Pseudocode is a way to outline the structure and flow of a program using simple, informal language that resembles programming languages but does not adhere to the strict syntax of any particular one. This allows developers to focus on the algorithm and logic behind the code, making it easier to visualize how the program will function before actually writing it in a specific programming language.

The use of pseudocode is particularly beneficial during the planning stage of software development, as it provides a clear and understandable format for programmers to communicate their ideas and algorithms with others, regardless of the programming languages they might use.

In contrast, machine code is the low-level code that the computer's processor understands, which is highly specific and not designed for human readability. A query language is specialized for managing and manipulating data in databases, focusing on data retrieval rather than program logic. A script typically refers to a specific set of instructions in a programming language designed to be executed by an interpreter, which again ties it closely to particular syntax and semantics rather than a generalized logic outline. Thus, the correct choice to describe the concept in question is pseudocode.